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How did the 1815 Vienna Settlement affect Europe up to 1848

 The 1815 Vienna Settlement, also known as the Congress of Vienna, had profound and lasting effects on Europe up to 1848. The settlement was designed to restore stability and balance of power in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Here are some of the key impacts: 1. **Restoration of Monarchies**: The Vienna Settlement aimed to restore the pre-Napoleonic monarchies and maintain the traditional European order. This led to the reinstatement of many old dynasties, such as the Bourbons in France, and the re-establishment of conservative regimes throughout Europe. The emphasis on monarchic restoration helped stabilize the continent but also suppressed revolutionary movements. 2. **Balance of Power**: The Congress sought to create a balance of power that would prevent any single nation from becoming too dominant. The reorganization of borders and the creation of new states, like the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the German Confederation, were intended to maintain this balance. However, this
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WHY TANZANIA WAS ABLE TO GAIN OR GET HER INDEPENDENCE EARLIER THAN UGANDA OR ANY EAST AFRICAN COUNTRIES

. Tanganyika attained her first self internal self-government on 1st, May 1961 with Mwalimu Julius Nyerere as the Prime Minister. 

On 9th, December 1961 Tanganyika became fully independent. 

In 1962, Tanganyika became a republic with Julius Nyerere as its first President.

 In April 1964, Tanganyika mainland made a union with Zanzibar Island under Julius Nyerere and Abed Karume to give birth to a new country now called Tanzania. She was able to attain independence faster than any East African country or Uganda because of the following reasons.

The following are the reasons which made Tanzania attain her independence earlier than Uganda or any other east African countries:

  •  Tanganyika had one important mass party that is say the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) which was not the case with other African countries like Uganda. 
  • Trade unions in Tanzania were stronger and more coordinated, for example Kilimanjaro Native Growers Association and Tanganyika African Association, among others. 
  • The British system of administration, that is to say indirect rule thoroughly divided up people in Uganda but not Tanzania.
  •  Having one common language in Tanganyika, that is to say, Kiswahili which was not in Uganda made the people of Tanganyika united and therefore, able to fight for their independence.
  • Serious land alienation in Tanzania by the Germans aroused nationalism in Tanzania earlier, this was not in Uganda. 
  • The attractive and vibrant role of Mwalirnu Julius Nyerere that was not comparable to any nationalist in Uganda. 
  • The arrogance and seclusion or isolation of Baganda who were at the peak in social, economic and political set up kept Uganda behind but not in Tanzania. 
  •  Uganda, one of the East African countries, for example never had scratching economic problems like Tanzania. 
  • The influence of white settlers in Tanzania made colonialism more real, oppressive and exploitive in Tanzania but not in Uganda where no settler’s areas were established. 
  •  Whereas Uganda was under the direct control of Britain after 1945, Tanzania was blessed for being just under the “UN” trusteeship council which UN, pressurized for the Independence of colonies. 
  • In Uganda ethnicity and Tribalism was much serious than in Tanzania.

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