HISTORY REFERENCE NOTES FOR BOTH ACSEE AND CSEE

 Colonialists prioritized transport network in order to facilitate development of legitimate trade. The colonial government built infrastructure such as roads, railways, and harbors. The roads and railways were built majorly to connect the coast and the interior thus easing transportation of goods from one place to another. The Mombasa- Kisumu railway was called the Uganda railway. It was called so because up to 1902 the land almost fifty miles to the west of Nairobi was in Uganda. Secondly, Britain was interested in Uganda as a source of river Nile. In terms of raw materials, Uganda was richer than Kenya, for example, it was rich in cotton that Britain needed at the time. The idea of constructing the Uganda railway had started as far back as 1892 when Lord Salisbury was the British prime Minister (1886 -1892). Also, in the same period William Mackinnon of IBEAC could not manage it because of huge funds required in its construction. Lord Salisbury wanted to establish the effective ...

 Why did the Germans use Direct rule in Tanganyika.? 1. It was used because the Germans believed that it was the only system through which they could effectively administer their colony (Tanganyika). 2. They also believed the system would enable them effectively exploit and benefit from African resources. 3. The Germans had used force to take over many parts of Tanganyika and therefore soldiers had to be used otherwise Africans could revolt at the slightest opportunity. 4. The Germans had wanted to promote their ‘superior’ culture over the Africans. This would involve imposing their culture and legal system. 5. The Germans were also a proud people and therefore used this system to stand high and above the Africans 6. The Germans had suffered early revolts and therefore had to bring in harsh Akidas and Jumbes to “tame” the Africans 7. In many societies there were no chiefs and where they existed they were not faithful or powerful enough and therefore the Germans had no one to entrus...

 Direct rule was applied by the Germans who imposed their leadership onto the Africans without any help from the African chiefs. It involved the Germans in direct administration of their colony. Under this system, traditional chiefs lost their posts and wereinstead given to the Akidasand the Jumbes from the coast. At the top was the governor who was the head of the colony. The governor had powers and authority and was directly answerable to the colonial minister in Berlin. He was assisted by the Governor’s council consisting of officials and non-officials. Tanganyika was divided into districts for efficient administration Methods used by Germans to apply direct rule in Tanganyika Just like British rule, German rule was established through a number of methods and these include: 1. Use of force This was direct military opposition with societies that tried to resist German rule. The Hehe, Abushiri, Ngoni and Maji- Maji rebellions were all defeated through the use of force. After their...

 Indirect rule was mainly employed by the British in their respective colonies. In this system, the conquered Africans were used to rule their fellow subjects. The traditional leaders were employed to carry on administrative duties on behalf of the colonialists. In this system, old East African institutions were maintained and adopted to the direction of the British local governance system. Commonly British used indirect rule, while Germans used direct rule. Explain Why Indirect Rule was used in Uganda The British had a number of reasons why they chose indirect rule, they include the following; 1. The system was economically cheap since chiefs were not paid much for their services. Simple salary, incentives and petty gifts were enough. It would have been costly for the British to bring in expatriates who would demand a lot of facilitation and money. 2. The system was also used because of inadequate manpower. The young British administration did not have enough skilled labor, local ...

  1. Nationalism refers to ones love for his country, it was the desire for East Africans to administer themselves thus it involved activities that aimed at gaining independence.   The pace of development of nationalism in Uganda was indeed too slow and this was due to a number of factors namely:  Effects of colonialism where the British used their indirect rule that was characterized by divide and rule, tribes were kept completely apart, hence delaying the development of nationalism. For example, during the development of nationalism, Ugandans looked at Buganda with envy or jealousy due to divide and rule where Buganda was used as Kings and chiefs over other areas.  Religious divisionism that characterized the social and political set up of Uganda made people too disunited.  Absence of a common language as the case was in Kenya, where Swahili was and it tried to unite the Kenyans but such was not in Uganda.  The absence or lack of common big problems ...

 Consequences of the Uprising The consequences of the Maji-Maji uprising were social, political and economic in nature. Some of them were positive but generally many of them were negative. 1. MajiMajiRebelionled to heavy depopulation of southern Tanganyika. . About 75,000 people were estimated dead. 2. A lot of property was destroyed during the uprising for example cotton plants on German farms were uprooted and destroyed. A lot of buildings occupied by Germans in coastal town of Samanga were burnt to the ground. The Germans also burnt the villages of the Matumbi, Wagindo and the Ngoni. 3. Insecurity disrupted economic activities in southern Tanganyika. Trade and commerce could not prosper anymore. People deserted their homes and agriculture. It eventually led to severe famine and increased death rates. 4. Confidence in African traditional chiefs was lost especially the medicine-men and prophetKinjiKitile because their tactics had failed. Many Africans lost lives because the magic ...

 Organization of theMajiMaji uprising • The war involved a diversity of tribes and a large area stretching from Dar-el-salaam to Kilosa in the North and from Lindi to Songea in the south. The Maji-Maji uprising began in 1905 and ended in 1907. The leadership and organisation of the Africans was centred on the efforts of prophet KinjikiteliNgwale of Kolelo Snake cult. • This prophet started being prominent in 1904. He had his base at Nagarembe. There was a pool on a tributary of the river Rufigi. The prophet was possessed by a spirit called Hongothat lived in the pool. They started to distribute majiyauzima – water of life as it was the medicine among the Pogoro, Matumbi, Zaramo and Ugoni. • The prophet started teaching people near his home area Ngarambe about the use of magic water. Eventually his teachings spread among the people living around the Rufigi valley and taught people about the use of a secret communication from one person to another at Ngarambe. This was a whispering c...