HISTORY REFERENCE NOTES FOR BOTH ACSEE AND CSEE

 MajiMajiRebellion Maji-Maji uprising was called so because of the magic water (MajiyaUzima in swahilli) used by the army which was believed to neutralize German bullets. It was aninitiative by Prophet Kinji-Kiteli of the Matumbi. He had a belief and oracle interpretation that if the Africans sprinkled their bodies with magic water before going on the attack, it would turn German bullets harmless. This inspired people to rise up against the bad German administration.Maji-maji uprising has been considered by historians as the largest uprising against German colonial rule in Tanganyika. Maji-Maji uprising started among the people of river Rufigi valley but later it spread southwards from Songea to Lindi and from Dar-es-salaam to Kilosa in the North. The most active societies included the Matumbi, the Wangindo, the Ngoni, Uluguru, the Kichi, people of Lukuledi valley, Mahenge plateau, Kilombero valley and Uzaramo. Some societies which had already experienced uprising and defeat like t...

 Effects of the Nandi Resistance 1. There was depopulation because so many people lost their lives due to the rebellion. 2. There was massive destruction of property, villages, and homes. Cattle, crops yet the Nandi had taken a lot of time to build it. 3. The Nandi lost fertile land to British and it was used to construct the Railway. Nandi were put in reserve areas not as fertile as their original places. 4. Nandi accepted the British forces after 10 years and the British became their colonial masters. 5. Nandi realized the Whiteman’s supremacy and surrendered. They realized the Whiteman’s technology and his sophiscated warfare skills were incomparable to their local weapons and ways of fighting. 6. Nandi Migrated to other areas in search for jobs and fertile ground since the better part of their land had been taken by the British. 7. There was increased European settlement in Nandi and the rest of the region. Nandi embraced Christianity and abandoned their traditional religion. T...

 Reasons why the Nandi Resistance took so long 1. Because of guerilla warfare. The Nandi had an environmental advantage. Their area was hilly with forests, caves and little space for open warfare. Such an area was unsuitable for the British maxim gun but good for the Nandi guerrilla warfare They were favored by the forests, caves and hills whilst the British were unfamiliar with the Nandi terrain. Presence of a strong military. The Nandi Military comprised of young men who were efficiently trained to fight within the age-set regiments. 2. Availability of arms and weapons. They were manufactured/ repaired locally by the iron-smiths using stolen materials from the rail and telegraph wires. There was Availability of regular food and war equipment. The Nandi never suffered from famine, their land was fertile and could therefore support both agriculture and livestock. They always had enough food to feed their troops. 3. Favorable weather. The British army was affected by the wet and col...

 Reasons why Some Africans Resisted 1. Need for Preservation of self-independence. The major need to reject colonial rule was a desire to maintain political independence and such societies which resisted thought that Europeans had come to take away their independence. They also wanted to maintain their integrity which they had taken time to build 2. Resistors also desired to preserve cultural and traditional values. This was a time when missionaries were spreading Christianity and western civilization. This was a big threat to African Culture and Values since they were being depicted as backward and satanic. 3. Africans also needed to preserve their economies. African societies had previously participated in Long distance trade and it was vibrant. People had accumulated a lot of wealth and some African chiefs had built empires from the trade. Such chiefs were therefore not ready to lose their wealth to colonialists. 4. East Africans had internal conflicts misunderstandings among th...

 Reasons Why East Africans collaborated. 1. Some societies collaborated with the Europeans in Order to get Military support against their hostile neighbors who were threatening their independence. Toro and Buganda for example collaborated with the British in order to fight Bunyoro as this was the only practicable way of preserving their independence. 2. Collaboration was also due to fear of the Military power of the colonialists. Colonialists had more powerful guns compared to the weak spears, bows and arrows used by Africans. Africans were therefore at a disadvantage and had no choice but to collaborate 3. Some Africans collaborated because they wanted to benefit from European trade. These included NabongoMumia of Wanga in Kenya And Mutesa 1 of Buganda 4. Collaboration was also a result of East Africans ignorance and naivity. They thought colonialists were just short term visitors only to realize that they had come to stay permanently. 5. Some Africans collaborated because of natu...

 Why was Buganda Agreement Signed? The Buganda Agreement was signed due to a number of reasons; 1. The Berlin Conference which was held in 1884 encouraged Britain to sign an agreement as a sign of effective occupation. 2. The Agreement was signed because the British hoped to use the Baganda as agents of colonialism in Uganda. The Buganda kings would administer colonial rule to their subjects on behalf of the colonialists. The Baganda on the other hand also expected political offices in the new British Hierarchy and also military support from the British. 3. The British wanted to reduce the powers that the Kabaka had over land. This Agreement would therefore be a platform for them to acquire land for the Buganda chiefs and also conquer the whole Ugandan territory 4. The agreement was signed to make Buganda safe for Missionary activities. Missionaries had sought help from their home governments since conditions had become hostile for them in Eat Africa. 5. It was also signed to rewar...

 Effects of the scramble and partition of East Africa 1. The East African states lost their independence and were subjected to European rule and administration e.g. Kenya and Uganda were in the hands of the British while Tanganyika was controlled by the Germans. 2. Many African chiefs or kings were killed or sent into exile because of the scramble and partition in East Africa for example,Kabalega and Mwanga were exiled while chief Mkwawa of the Hehe was beheaded for resisting German colonial rule in Tanganyika. 3. They established new systems of administration i.e. indirect rule by the British and direct rule by the Germans. 4. The Africans were regarded as an inferior group and were forced to provide labor for European plantations and other public works. 5. There was an increase of Europeans in East Africa for example many of them settled in the Kenya highlands. Thus Africans lost their land and were put into reserve camps e.g. the Masai. 6. After the partition, new boundaries wer...