HISTORY REFERENCE NOTES FOR BOTH ACSEE AND CSEE

 Effects of the scramble and partition of East Africa 1. The East African states lost their independence and were subjected to European rule and administration e.g. Kenya and Uganda were in the hands of the British while Tanganyika was controlled by the Germans. 2. Many African chiefs or kings were killed or sent into exile because of the scramble and partition in East Africa for example,Kabalega and Mwanga were exiled while chief Mkwawa of the Hehe was beheaded for resisting German colonial rule in Tanganyika. 3. They established new systems of administration i.e. indirect rule by the British and direct rule by the Germans. 4. The Africans were regarded as an inferior group and were forced to provide labor for European plantations and other public works. 5. There was an increase of Europeans in East Africa for example many of them settled in the Kenya highlands. Thus Africans lost their land and were put into reserve camps e.g. the Masai. 6. After the partition, new boundaries wer...

 Causes of the Scramble and Partition of East Africa There are a number of factors that led to the scramble and Partition of East Africa 1. The main causes of the scramble and partition of East Africa were Economic, Social, Humanitarian, Prestigious, Strategic, and political as follows: 2. The Europeans wanted to spread their western civilization. This included the way of dressing, religion, education and administration since Africa was previously referred to as ‘The Dark Continent’. 3. They wanted to spread Christianity in East Africa so as to check on the spread of Islam by Arabs. 4. By the end of the 19th century, there was an industrial revolution in Europe and therefore the Europeans were looking for raw-materials to feed their industries e.g. Cotton, coffee, Minerals like Gold, Copper, Diamond, Tin etc. and animal products like ivory, hides and Skins. 5. The Europeans also wanted to obtain market for their manufactured goods like clothes, Guns, Beads, Glass Ware etc. 6. They ...

 Problems faced by Missionaries in East Africa 1. Harsh climate. Thetropical and hot climate made travelling difficult and risky which confined missionary work to just a few areas The conditions were very unhealthy for missionaries who were used to the cool temperate climate of Europe. The pioneer missionaries had died and that had scared other interested societies to come to Africa 2. Diseases For a long time, west and central Africa were considered as the "white man's grave" because of malaria and other tropical diseases that claimed the lives of the whites in the area The death toll of missionaries was high and this retarded the progress of their work. e.g. the death of Dr. David Livingstone brought an end to his adventurous travel in central Africa. 3. Political problems and insecurity This was also a major obstacle to the missionary work in Africa especially due to the fact that it was thetimewhen slave raiding was still widespread especially in East Africa.These str...

 Why Missionaries wereSuccessful Missionaries were successful in carrying out their activities because they had a number of factors that worked in their favor. 1. They received hospitality, ambiance and cooperation from the local chiefs. E.gMuteesa provided them an opportunity to preach to his people and also gave them shelter at his courts 2. They also received Massive supportboth oral and Financial from their home governments. Their home governments also gave them protection wherever they were working 3. The Unity among the already existing Christian groups also enabled them to succeed 4. Transportation was eased by the already existing caravan routes in the interior. The Early missionaries used the long-distance caravan routes to penetrate the interior 5. In some areas African Traditional religions were not deeply rooted which made it easy for them to convert 6. Africans were fascinated by the missionaries’ medical skills and whenever they asked them, missionaries would attribut...

 Role of Explorers in the colonization of East Africa Explorers played a big role in the colonization of East Africa. 1. They exaggerated the economic potential of East Africa, for example, Stanley reported about their reliable rainfall and the fertile soils and Dr. Livingstone reported about the fertile lands of Southern Tanzania. 2. They drew maps which were used by the colonialists and these maps aroused European Curiosity about East Africa. These maps were also used to penetrate the interior 3. They refocused the attention of Europeans on East Africa bydemysfying the negative impression Europe had about Africa in general. This was done through the many books and lectures they delivered generally. Africa was no longer “white man’s grave”as earlier perceived. 4. They provided the badly needed geographical information about East Africa e.g. Speke discovered the source of the Nile, Krapt discovered MT Kenya and Rebman discovered MT Kilimanjaro. This information proved a reliable as...

 Activities of the British, French and German Traders on the East African Coast 1. Traders organised themselves into chattered companies. These companies were business Enterprises formed mainly to curve out colonies for their mother countries. The companies included, The Imperial East African Company (IBEACO) and German East African Company (GEACO). Through these companies, the traders owned the areas they controlled and the following were some of their activities; 2. They financed colonial administration on behalf their governments back home. IBEACO administered Uganda and Kenya on behalf of the British 3. They fought and defeated the rebellious societies in East Africa such as,theBanyoro, Nandi and Masai. 4. They developed Transport and Communication networks such as roads and railways 5. They constructed administrative ports, garrisons and Forts, which the colonial governments later used. These were built at Old Kampala,Rabai, Naivasha and Machakos by the IBEACO 6. They encourag...

Factors that led to Egyptian Penetration into Uganda A combination of factors or reasons ranging strategic, climatic, environmental, physical, economic, political social and largely human explain why Egyptians advanced into Uganda 1. The Lives of Egyptians were largely dependent on River Nile and they had a deep desire to gain full control ofthe Nile. They therefore penetrated Uganda to find the source of River Nile 2. The Ugandan climate was favorable and conducive for both human settlement and crop farming. Egyptians therefore wanted to utilize the rich climate conducive for their well-being and also for farming. 3. Fertile Soils; The Ugandan soils were fertile with richly endowed minerals that could support and sustainthe crop farming. This motivated some Egyptians to permanently stay in Uganda in the later years 4. Egyptians belonged to the Islam religion; one of the reasons for them to penetrate Uganda was to spread Islam. They argued that it was an obligation as dictated by the ...