HISTORY REFERENCE NOTES FOR BOTH ACSEE AND CSEE

 Role of Explorers in the colonization of East Africa Explorers played a big role in the colonization of East Africa. 1. They exaggerated the economic potential of East Africa, for example, Stanley reported about their reliable rainfall and the fertile soils and Dr. Livingstone reported about the fertile lands of Southern Tanzania. 2. They drew maps which were used by the colonialists and these maps aroused European Curiosity about East Africa. These maps were also used to penetrate the interior 3. They refocused the attention of Europeans on East Africa bydemysfying the negative impression Europe had about Africa in general. This was done through the many books and lectures they delivered generally. Africa was no longer “white man’s grave”as earlier perceived. 4. They provided the badly needed geographical information about East Africa e.g. Speke discovered the source of the Nile, Krapt discovered MT Kenya and Rebman discovered MT Kilimanjaro. This information proved a reliable asset

 Activities of the British, French and German Traders on the East African Coast 1. Traders organised themselves into chattered companies. These companies were business Enterprises formed mainly to curve out colonies for their mother countries. The companies included, The Imperial East African Company (IBEACO) and German East African Company (GEACO). Through these companies, the traders owned the areas they controlled and the following were some of their activities; 2. They financed colonial administration on behalf their governments back home. IBEACO administered Uganda and Kenya on behalf of the British 3. They fought and defeated the rebellious societies in East Africa such as,theBanyoro, Nandi and Masai. 4. They developed Transport and Communication networks such as roads and railways 5. They constructed administrative ports, garrisons and Forts, which the colonial governments later used. These were built at Old Kampala,Rabai, Naivasha and Machakos by the IBEACO 6. They encouraged c

Factors that led to Egyptian Penetration into Uganda A combination of factors or reasons ranging strategic, climatic, environmental, physical, economic, political social and largely human explain why Egyptians advanced into Uganda 1. The Lives of Egyptians were largely dependent on River Nile and they had a deep desire to gain full control ofthe Nile. They therefore penetrated Uganda to find the source of River Nile 2. The Ugandan climate was favorable and conducive for both human settlement and crop farming. Egyptians therefore wanted to utilize the rich climate conducive for their well-being and also for farming. 3. Fertile Soils; The Ugandan soils were fertile with richly endowed minerals that could support and sustainthe crop farming. This motivated some Egyptians to permanently stay in Uganda in the later years 4. Egyptians belonged to the Islam religion; one of the reasons for them to penetrate Uganda was to spread Islam. They argued that it was an obligation as dictated by the

 Effects of Slave Trade on EAST Africa Slave Trade had a deep impact on the social and economic set up of East Africa. 1. Itledtodepopulation.TheinvolvementofEastAfricasocietiesinslavetradeledtothedecreasein thenumberofpeopleintheregion.Thiswasbecauselargenumberofslaveswasexportedoutside EastAfrica.Otherpeoplelosttheirlivesintheprocessofresistingtobetakenasslaves 2. ItledtothecreationoffearandinsecurityintheeastAfricansocieties.However,afterthe introductionofslavetradeinEastAfricatherewasastateofinsecuritywithintheregion.Thiswas becausestrongstatescouldinvadeweakstatesandcaptureslaves.Forexample,Bugandacould invadeBunyoro.Thisprocessinvolvedwarsandmassmigrationbecausepeoplefearedtobe captured.Alltheseinterruptedpre-colonialAfricasocialsetup SlaveTradeintensifiedsocialclassesinEastAfrica.Thismeansthatthereweresocialclassesinthe societies.However,thesituationbecameworseaftertheintroductionofslavetradeintheregion. Thiswasbecausechiefscouldengageintradeandexploitwealthfromitforexamplechief

 Reasons for the rise of Slave Trade Slavery had existed in Africa for a long time before the coming of Colonialists. Many Africa chiefs possessed domestic slaves. The Spanish and Portuguese had been using African slaves since the 16thcentury. However, The Atlantic slave trade of 18thcentury was a new kind of slavery and on a greater measure than ever before. It became a normal kind of trade to sell and buy human beings for labor 1. There was a development of plantations in the Western world. The West Indian plantation owners increasingly turned to African slaves for labor. They continually flooded the slave market to buy slaves who would in turn go and provide cheap labor 2. The Industrial Revolution in Europe increased the demand for raw materials such as gold and silver. Slaves were the only ones that could provide the required labor at the mines and also at the industries to feed the machines but these could only be produced by slaves 3. African chiefs were hospitable to foreigners

  1.       Results of the Berlin conference of Nov 1884 to Feb 1885.     -        Defined three rivers for free navigation -        CongoFree State was recognized as property of Belgium/king Leopold (II) Belgium -        Europeans to declare their sphere of influence Effective occupation 

  The role of Kwame Nkrumah in the struggle of Ghana’s independence in 1957. -        His role in Pan – Africansim congress made him the best choice among elites to carry on party affairs -        His arrest and subsequent deportation to the North of Ghana popularized him among the Ghanaians. -        He founded the Conventional Peoples Party which advocated for radicalism in agitating for independence. -        CPP protested colonialism and the authority   wielded by the Ashanti chiefdoms whose royal families wielded immense power -        He was innovative in politics (had Red, white and green flag for his party, party slogans and songs) which made the party vibrant among the youth. -        His eloquence in speech making against colonialism. -        He started the newspaper. “Accra evening news” to advance the cause for the people of Gold coast.