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Ghana's contribution to ECOWAS

 Ghana, as one of the founding and active members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), has made significant contributions to the organization's objectives and activities. Some of Ghana's key contributions to ECOWAS are as follows: Commitment to Regional Integration: Ghana has consistently demonstrated a strong commitment to regional integration within ECOWAS. It actively participates in regional meetings, summits, and conferences, contributing to the decision-making processes and policy formulations of the organization. Promotion of Democracy and Good Governance: Ghana is known for its stable democracy and good governance practices. As a member of ECOWAS, Ghana has been actively involved in promoting democratic principles, conducting free and fair elections, and supporting democratic transitions in other member states. Advocacy for Peace and Security: Ghana has played an important role in advocating for peace and security in the West African region. It has...
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THE NGUNI – TSONGA QN: WHO WERE THEY?

 THE WAY OF LIFE OF THE BANTU The organization of the Bantu was manly divided into viz, ngoni-tsonga and Sotho –Tswana THE NGUNI – TSONGA QN: WHO WERE THEY? ➢ They were commonly known as nguni people ➢ The nguni were part of bantu speakers of south Africa ➢ They had a clique sound in their language. ➢ The Nguni belonged to the southern group of people. ➢ They moved from Congo basin between the 13th and 16th century ➢ Later in the 17th century they gave birth to tribes like Xhosa, Zulu, ngwane Ndebele, thembu ndwandwe e.t.c ➢ These developed after their separation from the mother group for a period of about 200 years. ➢ They settled in areas between Indian Ocean and drankensberg mountains. ➢ They were the war worriers of Bantu in south Africa. ➢ They specifically settled in natal region east of cape. THEIR WAY OF LIFE ➢ Like any other group of people, they were politically, socially and economically organized as below; ➢ Economically they practiced gathering for their welfare. ➢ They hunted wild animals. ➢ They carried out some fishing from rivers and Indian ocean ➢ They grew crops like millet, beans, yams, sorghum, pumpkins and calabashes ➢ They were pastoralists who reared cattle. Goat and sheep. ➢ They traded with whites based at natal for example the Portuguese. ➢ They practiced iron working and made knives and arrows among others. ➢ They raided their neighbors for wealth ➢ Land was owned communally Summarized notes of the History of South Africa, July 2019 Page | 12 ➢ Cattle as a sign of prestige and used as food, pay bride price. ➢ Family was the most important smallest unit amongst the Nguni. ➢ They had extended family which included the father, mother, children, aunt, grandparents e.t.c ➢ They mostly practiced polygamous families. ➢ Elders were very important in settling disputes. ➢ The elders gave cattle to those who reached maturity. ➢ Initiation ceremonies were very important e.g. circumcision. ➢ A tribal chief headed each tribe. ➢ All elders belonged to the clan councils, which settled disputes in the society. ➢ The clan elders assisted the tribal chiefs on matters concerning the society.

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