➢ Little is known about their migration ➢ What is known is that they migrated in four major groups i.e. ➢ These groups were named according to the areas were they migrated to were they settled. ➢ These groups were Shone, Sotho –Tswana the Nguni and Aherero Ambo THE SHONA ➢ They moved in south Africa in the 19th century ➢ They are part of the Bantu people who started moving in 2000 years ago. ➢ They started moving from West Africa and Katanga areas. ➢ They moved southwards from the central Africa. ➢ They later reached the present day Zimbabwe and formed the Zimbabwe culture. THE SOTH -TSWANA ➢ This is the second wave of the bantu migration ➢ They were the central wave of the bantu migrating people ➢ They entered south Africa through lake Tanganyika and Nyasa (Malawi) ➢ They settled in the present day Lethoso and rivers Orange And Vaal ➢ By the 17th century they had given birth to group of Sotho, Tswana among others. Summarized notes of the History of South Africa, July 2019 Page | 10 ➢ The Tswana settled in the present day Botswana ➢ Kalahari desert hindered their westward expansion ➢ in the 18th century, the Sotho had expanded and settled in the present day Zulu land and Swaziland ➢ They were in the areas where they are now by the 13th century THE NGUNI - TSONGA ➢ These moved eastwards from great lakes region ➢ They moved through low veld until natal region and Eastern Cape. ➢ They settled along the natal coastal plain by the 16th century. ➢ By the 18th century, they had separated and formed groups of people like Xhosa, thembu, pondo Zulu, mthetwa, ngwane, and Swazi Ndebele etc. ➢ They separated and developed groups that spoke language of the same dilate. ➢ They settled in central Zulu land ➢ Because of development in pottery, Xhosa expanded up to river Umtata and umuzimbuvu ➢ The Xhosa expanded in the 17th century. ➢ In the next 200 years, they expanded up to Fish River. ➢ The Tsonga remained in the present Mozambique area. ➢ Due to such separation different languages developed between the major and lesser Bantu groups. THE AHERERO AMBO ➢ They were the Ovambo Herero people of southern Africa ➢ They left their homeland at around the 16th century ➢ From their homeland they took south eastern direction of Congo basin ➢ When the ambo reached ambo land they settled ➢ Their settlement was influenced by the san and khoi khoi whom they found their ➢ The average rainfall of about 500mm influenced their settlement because it could allow agricultural pastoralism ➢ The Herero moved west of ambo land. ➢ They passed through koakoveld up to the dry Namibian plateau ➢ They settled near Kalahari Desert in Herero land. Summarized notes of the History of South Africa, July 2019 Page | 11 ➢ Today the Bantu are the most wide spread group of people in southern Africa and numerous.
Missionaries came to East Africa for various reasons. These were economic, social, and humanitarian in nature. The missionaries had the ambition to spread Christianity to the people of East Africa. This would be through preaching and teaching the holy gospel so that many would get converted to Christianity They wanted to fight against slave trade in East Africa. Earlier travelers like John Speke and James Grant, H.M. Stanley, Dr. David Livingstone and others had reported about the evils of slave trade in East Africa. Christian missionaries therefore came with an intention of putting an end to end introducing or replacing it with legitimate trade. Missionaries wanted to resettle the freed slaves in East Africa by setting up resettlement centers both in the interior and at the coast for example at Bagamoyo and Free town near Mombasa. They wanted to check on the spread of Islam in East Africa from the coast with intentions of converting many to Christian...
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