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Ghana's contribution to ECOWAS

 Ghana, as one of the founding and active members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), has made significant contributions to the organization's objectives and activities. Some of Ghana's key contributions to ECOWAS are as follows: Commitment to Regional Integration: Ghana has consistently demonstrated a strong commitment to regional integration within ECOWAS. It actively participates in regional meetings, summits, and conferences, contributing to the decision-making processes and policy formulations of the organization. Promotion of Democracy and Good Governance: Ghana is known for its stable democracy and good governance practices. As a member of ECOWAS, Ghana has been actively involved in promoting democratic principles, conducting free and fair elections, and supporting democratic transitions in other member states. Advocacy for Peace and Security: Ghana has played an important role in advocating for peace and security in the West African region. It has...

ORIGIN MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE BANTU IN SOUTH AFRICA

 ➢ Little is known about their migration ➢ What is known is that they migrated in four major groups i.e. ➢ These groups were named according to the areas were they migrated to were they settled. ➢ These groups were Shone, Sotho –Tswana the Nguni and Aherero Ambo THE SHONA ➢ They moved in south Africa in the 19th century ➢ They are part of the Bantu people who started moving in 2000 years ago. ➢ They started moving from West Africa and Katanga areas. ➢ They moved southwards from the central Africa. ➢ They later reached the present day Zimbabwe and formed the Zimbabwe culture. THE SOTH -TSWANA ➢ This is the second wave of the bantu migration ➢ They were the central wave of the bantu migrating people ➢ They entered south Africa through lake Tanganyika and Nyasa (Malawi) ➢ They settled in the present day Lethoso and rivers Orange And Vaal ➢ By the 17th century they had given birth to group of Sotho, Tswana among others. Summarized notes of the History of South Africa, July 2019 Page | 10 ➢ The Tswana settled in the present day Botswana ➢ Kalahari desert hindered their westward expansion ➢ in the 18th century, the Sotho had expanded and settled in the present day Zulu land and Swaziland ➢ They were in the areas where they are now by the 13th century THE NGUNI - TSONGA ➢ These moved eastwards from great lakes region ➢ They moved through low veld until natal region and Eastern Cape. ➢ They settled along the natal coastal plain by the 16th century. ➢ By the 18th century, they had separated and formed groups of people like Xhosa, thembu, pondo Zulu, mthetwa, ngwane, and Swazi Ndebele etc. ➢ They separated and developed groups that spoke language of the same dilate. ➢ They settled in central Zulu land ➢ Because of development in pottery, Xhosa expanded up to river Umtata and umuzimbuvu ➢ The Xhosa expanded in the 17th century. ➢ In the next 200 years, they expanded up to Fish River. ➢ The Tsonga remained in the present Mozambique area. ➢ Due to such separation different languages developed between the major and lesser Bantu groups. THE AHERERO AMBO ➢ They were the Ovambo Herero people of southern Africa ➢ They left their homeland at around the 16th century ➢ From their homeland they took south eastern direction of Congo basin ➢ When the ambo reached ambo land they settled ➢ Their settlement was influenced by the san and khoi khoi whom they found their ➢ The average rainfall of about 500mm influenced their settlement because it could allow agricultural pastoralism ➢ The Herero moved west of ambo land. ➢ They passed through koakoveld up to the dry Namibian plateau ➢ They settled near Kalahari Desert in Herero land. Summarized notes of the History of South Africa, July 2019 Page | 11 ➢ Today the Bantu are the most wide spread group of people in southern Africa and numerous.

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